The PREEMPT CRC study has proven to be a significant breakthrough in detecting colorectal cancer at an early stage. The study, led by Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH, highlights the efficiency of a blood-based test in detecting CRC with a sensitivity of 79.2% and a specificity of 91.5%. The study used genomics testing, which showed a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 93.7%, while multiomics testing revealed similar results. This study holds great promise as a potential alternative to traditional screening methods like colonoscopy and stool sampling.
The blood-based test was developed using case-control samples of patients with CRC and advanced adenomas. Through extensive testing platforms including genomics, multiomics, and proteomics, a machine-learning and artificial intelligence algorithm was employed to create a signature of advanced CRC. The results demonstrated that the blood-based test has a high negative predictive value for non-advanced colorectal neoplasia at 90.8%, showing its potential for accurate screening.
Despite the promising results of the blood-based test, there are significant challenges in current CRC screening efforts. Shaukat emphasizes the need for a more widely accepted screening program, pointing out that only 59% of the population is covered by existing screening methods. This gap highlights the importance of developing alternative screening tools to increase early detection rates and reduce mortality from CRC.
Phillip Ge, MD, acknowledges the importance of the blood-based test as a potential solution to the hesitancy and access issues associated with traditional colonoscopy screening. While colonoscopy is considered the gold standard, there is a resistance among individuals to undergo the procedure. The blood-based test could serve as a vital alternative for those who are unable or unwilling to undergo colonoscopy, filling a crucial gap in current screening practices.
The study included 27,010 participants aged 45-85 from various demographic backgrounds. The results showed a sensitivity of 57.1% for stage I CRC, 100% for stage II, 82.4% for stage III, and 100% for stage IV. While the study was not designed to assess the impact of the blood-based test on CRC incidence and mortality, it provides valuable insights into its effectiveness in detecting advanced adenomas and colorectal neoplasias.
The PREEMPT CRC study represents a significant advancement in colorectal cancer screening technology. The blood-based test has shown promise in early detection and holds the potential to improve screening rates and outcomes for individuals at risk of CRC. Further research is needed to refine the algorithm and optimize the test for widespread use. As technology continues to evolve, innovative screening methods like the blood-based test offer hope for reducing the burden of colorectal cancer globally.