Research conducted in Italy has shown that long-term cancer survivors who maintain a Mediterranean diet tend to live longer post-diagnosis. Individuals with high adherence to this diet had a 32% lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with poor adherence. The Mediterranean diet places an emphasis on consuming vegetables, fruits, fish, olive oil, and nuts, which are believed to have various health benefits. The findings of this study suggest that adopting or continuing this diet even after a cancer diagnosis could be beneficial for survivors.
Impact on Cardiovascular Mortality
In addition to all-cause mortality, high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was also associated with lower cardiovascular mortality. The study found that individuals with high adherence had a 58% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to those with poor adherence. This is particularly important as cancer patients are known to be at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease due to shared risk factors and disease mechanisms. The natural sources of polyphenols in the Mediterranean diet are believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities that could help in preventing cardiovascular mortality.
While the study showed a significant impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates, the association with cancer mortality was not as strong. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet did not show a significant decrease in cancer mortality risk. The authors suggested that the complexity of different cancer types and progression stages could be a contributing factor to this result. It is crucial to further explore how diet can specifically impact cancer outcomes and develop targeted dietary recommendations for cancer survivors.
The research was based on data from the Moli-sani Study, a population-based cohort in Italy including individuals aged 35 years and older. Participants with a history of cancer provided medical records and dietary information, which was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured on a 9-point scale and categorized as poor, average, or high. The study population consisted of both men and women with a mean age of 63 years.
Despite the positive findings, the study had limitations that need to be considered. As an observational study, causality cannot be inferred, and there may be biases affecting the results. The participants had already survived for an average of 9 years at baseline, leading to potential survival bias in the analysis. Further research is needed to validate these results and understand the mechanisms behind the benefits of a Mediterranean diet for cancer survivors.
The study underscores the importance of diet in the long-term health outcomes of cancer survivors. Maintaining a Mediterranean diet post-diagnosis has shown promising results in reducing all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks. However, more research is required to explore the relationship between diet and cancer outcomes comprehensively. The findings call for a personalized approach to dietary recommendations for cancer survivors to improve their overall well-being and quality of life.