The United States recently released draft rules aimed at restricting or notifying certain investments in artificial intelligence (AI) and other technology sectors in China that could potentially pose a threat to U.S. national security. These rules, prompted by an executive order signed by President Joe Biden last August, aim to prevent the transfer of critical U.S. know-how to China in order to safeguard national security interests. The regulations are set to come into effect by the end of the year, pending public comments and feedback.
The draft rules require individuals and companies in the U.S. to assess and determine which transactions may be restricted or banned due to their potential national security implications. The regulations specifically target investments in semiconductors, microelectronics, quantum computing, and AI, among other technologies. The U.S. Treasury Department emphasized that the rules are narrowly focused on certain outbound investments and include exceptions for transactions considered to be in the U.S. national interest.
According to former Treasury official Laura Black, the proposed rules would necessitate more extensive due diligence by U.S. investors looking to engage in investments related to China or Chinese companies operating in the covered sectors. The regulations would likely impact U.S.-managed private equity and venture capital funds, as well as investments by U.S. limited partners in foreign-managed funds and convertible debt. The rules also cover certain Chinese subsidiaries and parents, potentially restricting investments by U.S. companies in third countries.
The regulations parallel existing restrictions on the export of certain technologies to China, particularly advanced semiconductors, in an effort to prevent U.S. funds from aiding China’s technological advancement, particularly in areas with military applications. Violations of the rules could lead to criminal and civil penalties, including the unwinding of investments. The Treasury Department has engaged with U.S. allies and partners to communicate the objectives of these investment restrictions, with the European Commission and the United Kingdom beginning to consider similar measures.
The proposed rules on investments in AI and technology sectors in China underscore the U.S. government’s efforts to safeguard national security interests by curbing the transfer of critical technologies to potential adversaries. While the regulations are intended to be targeted and focused, they are likely to introduce additional complexities and compliance requirements for U.S. investors and companies looking to engage in the specified sectors. As the public comment period unfolds and the rules progress towards implementation, stakeholders will need to closely monitor developments and adapt their investment strategies accordingly to ensure compliance with the new regulatory framework.